Which option is best for me: 4x4 or all-wheel drive?

Valerie Raskovic

Mar 05, 2025

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Guide to understanding 4X4 and ALL-WHEEL DRIVE systems.

When it comes to choosing a vehicle with enhanced traction and capability, the terms "4x4" and "All-Wheel Drive (AWD)” are often used interchangeably however, it is important to keep in mind that they refer to different systems with completely distinct on-road and off-road characteristics. In this article we will explore the various types of 4x4 and AWD systems and help you determine which one is right for your needs and lifestyle.

1. 4x4 (Four-Wheel Drive) Systems

Most commonly 4x4 systems are designed for off-road and heavy-duty use. They provide power to all four wheels, which can be engaged manually or automatically, depending on the system. 4x4 systems are typically more robust and offer better traction in challenging off road environments. Traditional 4x4 systems are often favored by off-road enthusiasts and wilderness adventurers.

Before delving deeper into various 4x4 systems it is important to mention that in addition to offering various types of 4x4 systems they also may come with locking differentials. A locking differential forces both wheels on an axle to rotate at the same speed, ensuring maximum traction in off-road, rock crawling or deep mud/snow conditions by preventing power loss to a slipping wheel. However, it can make turning difficult on high-traction surfaces, that is the precise reason why a lot off off-road focus vehicles offer switch that allows the user to lock and unlock one or more differential.

A non-locking differential, such as an open diff, allows wheels to rotate at different speeds for smoother handling but can lose traction if one-wheel slips. A limited-slip differential (LSD) helps by redirecting some power to the wheel with traction but doesn’t fully lock. Locking diffs are best for extreme off-road use, while non-locking diffs (open or LSD) suit daily driving and mild off-road conditions.

Types of 4x4 System

It is important to understand that 4x4 systems come in different variations in different vehicles, so they are not all alike. There are distinct differences between full time, part time and automatic 4x4 systems. 

• Part-Time 4x4: This system is the most commonly found in various popular offroad vehicles and is designed to be used primarily in two-wheel drive (2WD) mode. When conditions require extra traction, the driver can manually switch to 4WD. Examples include:

• • Jeep Wrangler: Known for its rugged off-road capabilities, the Jeep Wrangler offers a part-time 4x4 system offers a lever that allows the driver to switch from 2WD to 4WD as well as offering low range gearing for extreme crawling conditions.
  
  
  • Toyota 4Runner: Another popular choice for off-road enthusiasts, the 4Runner provides a robust part-time 4x4 system similar to the Wrangler. The 4Runner has a cult-like following and is renowned for its ruggedness and reliability.

• Full-Time 4x4: This system continuously sends power to all four wheels but it can also be locked for improved traction in slippery conditions. Examples include:

• • Mercedes-Benz G-Class: The G-Class is a luxury off-roader that features a full-time 4x4 system with a low-range transfer case. This system is fairly advanced with multiple differential locks allowing the user to limit slip on all 4 wheels or per axle. This gives the vehicle dual personalities, it can be a total mountain goat off road while maintain somewhat refined on-road driving characteristics.
  
  
  • Land Rover Defender: Known for its exceptional off-road capabilities, the Defender uses a full-time 4x4 system with advanced electronic traction control. Just like the G-Class the Defender also offers separate lockers and refined driving dynamics.

• Automatic 4x4: This system automatically engages all four wheels when needed, without driver intervention. Examples include:

• • Ford Bronco: The Bronco offers an automatic 4x4 system that can switch between 2WD and 4WD based on driving conditions. This system is generally hailed for its improved efficiency however, in order for the 4WD to be engaged the vehicle sensors must detect wheel slip. The major complaint of this type of system that it may be a bit slow to engage.
  
  
  • Ram 1500: The Ram 1500 pickup truck features an automatic 4x4 system that enhances both on-road and off-road performance. This system relies on clutches that engages and disengages the transfer case. The issue with a lot of automatic 4x4 Stellantis vehicles such as Dodge, Ram and Jeep is that the clutches within the transfer case is susceptible to premature wear and may require expensive service. This issue is further exacerbated by the fact that these vehicles are highly sensitive to wheel size, meaning even the slightest variation in wheel brand or tread wear can lead to premature differential wear. For this reason, it is strongly recommended never to install mismatched tires on these vehicles, as all wheels must rotate at the same speed for the system to function properly. However, all of the systems faults do not take away from the fact that when paired with the right tires these modern automatic 4x4 systems are terrific off road.

2. All-Wheel Drive (AWD) Systems

AWD systems are designed for on-road use and are typically found in cars, crossovers, and SUVs. They provide power to all four wheels, but the distribution of power can vary depending on the system. AWD systems are generally more sophisticated and are optimized for improved traction and handling in various weather conditions.

Types of AWD Systems

• Symmetrical AWD: This system distributes power evenly to all four wheels and is known for its balance and stability. Examples include:

• • Subaru Outback: Subaru is renowned for its symmetrical AWD system, which provides excellent traction and handling in all weather conditions. Subaru uses a variation of the AWD system depending on the transmission type. For example, a manual transmission Subaru will come with a slightly different AWD system. The systems are reliable with very little maintenance required to ensure longevity.
  
  
  • Subaru Forester: Except for the rear-wheel-drive BRZ sports coupe, Subaru has been equipping all of their modern models with all wheel drive systems. Another fan favorite must be the Subaru Forester. It may not offer the rock crawling capabilities as the Geep or the G-Class, it is a reliable choice for all-weather driving.

• Torque Vectoring AWD: This system can automatically distribute power not only between the front and rear axles but also between the wheels on the same axle. This improves handling and cornering performance. Examples include:

• • Audi Quattro: Audi's Quattro system is an advanced form of AWD system that does its best to predict wheel loads and traction per wheel and will vary torque using clever techniques such as individual wheel braking and torque vectoring. This clever system manages to enhance both performance and safety.
  
  
  • BMW xDrive: BMW's xDrive system is another example of a torque vectoring AWD system, providing excellent traction and handling. These systems are an absolute joy to drive in any condition but tend to use multiple computerized systems and require more service and upkeep as there is simply more parts to break.
  
  
  • On-Demand AWD: This system operates primarily in two-wheel drive mode and engages the other wheels when additional traction is needed. Vehicles equipped with these system tend to get better gas mileage however, lack the overall performance of a Symmetrical AWD and the various advanced Torque vectoring AWD systems available on the market.

• Examples include:

• • Honda CR-V: The Honda CR-V features an on-demand AWD system that improves traction only when the front wheels detect slip.  This option may be best for anyone encountering occasional snow or slippery on-road condition however, it simply does not stack up the Subaru Symmetrical AWD or any of the advanced torque vectoring AWD systems.
  
  
  • Toyota RAV4: The RAV4 offers an on-demand AWD system that enhances both fuel efficiency and traction. The Toyota On-Demand AWD is renowned for reliability and longevity however, just like most other on-demand AWD systems it does not hold a candle compared to any of the AWD systems listed above. Think of these on-demand AWD systems as part time systems that typically can only send a small fraction of the engines power to the rear wheels.

Choosing the Right System for Your Lifestyle

For Off-Road Enthusiasts

If you frequently drive in challenging terrains or enjoy off-road adventures, a 4x4 system is the best choice. Part-time 4x4 systems, such as those found in the Jeep Wrangler and Toyota 4Runner offer the ruggedness and low-range gearing needed for extreme conditions.

For All-Weather Drivers

If you live in an area with variable weather conditions and need reliable traction year-round, an AWD system is ideal. Symmetrical AWD systems, like those in Subaru models, provide balanced performance and stability in all weather conditions.

For Performance Enthusiasts

If you prioritize handling and performance, a torque vectoring AWD system is the way to go. Models like the Audi Quattro and BMW xDrive offer advanced traction and cornering capabilities, making them perfect for performance-oriented drivers.

For Practical and Efficient Drivers

If you need a balance of fuel efficiency and traction, an on-demand AWD system is a good choice. Models like the Honda CR-V and Toyota RAV4 offer the benefits of AWD without sacrificing fuel economy.

Understanding the differences between 4x4 and AWD systems is crucial for making an informed decision when choosing a vehicle. Whether you're an off-road enthusiast, an all-weather driver, a performance enthusiast or a practical and efficient driver, there is a system that can meet your needs.